BOLD Carbon (CH₄) Framework
BOLD Carbon (CH₄) framework specification — verification rules and requirements for prevented methane emissions through composting.
Framework summary
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Methodology | AMS-III.F |
| Version | 1.0.2 |
| Status | Published |
| Credit type | Carbon Credit |
| Token | TCC (C-CARB.CH4) — issued by this methodology |
| External reference | UNFCCC AMS-III.F v12.0 |
Scope
The BOLD Carbon (CH₄) MvF defines verification procedures for preventing methane emissions through composting organic waste that would otherwise decompose in landfills:
- Waste types: Food waste, green waste (garden, yard, and park trimmings), sludge from waste treatment plants, tobacco industry residues, and other organic subtypes classified under CDM waste codes
- Treatment: Aerobic composting at professional facilities
- Geography: Currently operational in Brazil, with the framework designed to be expandable to other regions
- Environmental claim: Prevented CO2e emissions from methane avoidance
Eligibility criteria
Participants must meet the same accreditation requirements as BOLD Recycling:
- Waste generators — Must be identified with valid documentation.
- Haulers — Required for truck and boat transport; optional for sludge pipe and cart collection.
- Processors — Exactly one processor must be identified per MassID.
- Recyclers — Exactly one recycler (composting facility) must be identified with valid accreditation dates.
- Network Integrators — Must have valid accreditation dates.
Verification requirements
BOLD Carbon (CH₄) includes all the verification checks present in BOLD Recycling, plus additional checks specific to emission quantification:
- All shared checks — Document validation, actor identification, event validation, geolocation, manifests, compliance, and integrity (see BOLD Recycling Framework)
- Emissions calculation — The
prevented-emissionsrule quantifies CO2e prevented using the UNFCCC AMS-III.F methodology - Project boundary — The
project-boundaryrule validates the geographic distance between pick-up and drop-off locations
Baseline scenario and emission factors
BOLD Carbon (CH₄) references the UNFCCC AMS-III.F v12.0 methodology for emission calculations:
- Baseline scenario — Organic waste decomposing anaerobically in a landfill, generating methane (CH4)
- Project scenario — The same organic waste composted aerobically, preventing methane generation
- Emission factors — Static factors are used for most organic waste subtypes. For waste classified under CDM code 8.7D ("Others, if organic"), dynamic factors are applied based on Ibama waste classification codes.
The prevented-emissions rule applies the formula: prevented CO2e equals the mass of composted waste multiplied by the prevented emissions factor per ton, minus the mass multiplied by the exceeding emission coefficient.
Scientific basis
The following standards provide the scientific foundation for emission calculations and waste classification in BOLD Carbon (CH₄):
UNFCCC Clean Development Mechanism
| Reference | Version | Description |
|---|---|---|
| AMS-III.F | v12.0 | "Avoidance of methane emissions through composting" — the basis for the prevented-emissions rule. Defines emission factors and calculation procedures for quantifying prevented CH₄ from composting organic waste. |
| CDM Tool 04 | v8.0 | "Emissions from solid waste disposal sites" — provides methodologies for estimating methane emissions from landfill disposal, used as the baseline scenario in emission avoidance calculations. |
| CDM Tool 13 | v2.0 | "Project and leakage emissions from composting" — defines procedures for estimating project emissions and leakage from composting activities. |
IPCC
| Reference | Year | Description |
|---|---|---|
| IPCC AR5 | 2013 | Fifth Assessment Report — provides Global Warming Potential (GWP) values used in emission calculations. The GWP for methane (CH₄) is used to convert prevented methane emissions to CO₂e. |
Regional standards
| Reference | Jurisdiction | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Ibama Brazilian List of Solid Waste | Brazil | Official waste classification system used by the regional-waste-classification rule. Maps waste types to CDM waste codes for emission factor selection. |
Emission calculation parameters
Baseline emissions — CDM Tool 04 v8.0
For calculating methane emissions from landfills and dump sites, BOLD Carbon (CH₄) uses UNFCCC CDM Tool 04 v8.0 — "Emissions from Solid Waste Disposal Sites."
| Parameter | Value | Description |
|---|---|---|
| φ | 0.85 | Model correction factor for model uncertainties |
| f | 0.00 (scenarios 1, 3) / 0.45 (scenario 2) | Fraction of methane captured and flared |
| GWP_CH₄ | 28 | Global Warming Potential of methane (IPCC AR5, 2013) |
| OX | 0.1 | Oxidation factor (methane oxidized in soil covering) |
| F | 0.5 | Fraction of methane in landfill gas (volume) |
| DOC_f | 0.5 | Fraction of degradable organic carbon that decomposes |
| MCF | 1.0 (scenarios 1, 2) / 0.8 (scenario 3) | Methane correction factor |
| DOC_j (food) | 0.15 | Degradable organic carbon fraction — food waste |
| DOC_j (green) | 0.20 | Degradable organic carbon fraction — green waste |
| K_j (food) | 0.40 | Decay rate — food waste (1/yr, wet tropical climate) |
| K_j (green) | 0.17 | Decay rate — green waste (1/yr, wet tropical climate) |
Three baseline scenarios are supported:
- Landfill without methane flaring — Highest emissions (f = 0)
- Landfill with methane flaring — Moderate emissions (f = 0.45, ~50% capture at 90% burn efficiency)
- Dump site — Intermediate emissions (MCF = 0.8)
Real emissions — CDM Tool 13 v2.0
For calculating emissions during composting, BOLD Carbon (CH₄) uses UNFCCC CDM Tool 13 v2.0 — "Project and Leakage Emissions from Composting."
| Parameter | Value | Description |
|---|---|---|
| EF_CH₄ | 2.0 g/kg waste | Methane emission factor per kg composted |
| EF_N₂O | 0.2 g/kg waste | Nitrous oxide emission factor per kg composted |
| GWP_CH₄ | 28 | Global Warming Potential of methane (IPCC AR5, 2013) |
| GWP_N₂O | 265 | Global Warming Potential of nitrous oxide (IPCC AR5, 2013) |
Default emission factors are for "Fresh Weight" (gross weight including water content). Additional factors for fossil fuel and electricity consumption apply but are not shown in the simplified formula.
Calculation example
For a composting facility using a 50/50 food waste to green waste ratio, comparing composting to landfill without methane capture:
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Baseline Emissions (BE) | 2.451 tons CO₂e |
| Real Emissions from composting (RE) | 0.218 tons CO₂e |
| Avoided Emissions (AE) | 2.233 tons CO₂e |
This means composting 1 ton of food waste + 1 ton of green waste avoids approximately 2.2 tons of CO₂e over a 20-year period compared to landfill disposal.
Comparison across disposal methods
| Disposal method | Total 20-year emissions | Avoided vs. composting |
|---|---|---|
| Landfill without flaring | 2.451 tons CO₂e | 2.233 tons CO₂e |
| Dump site | 1.961 tons CO₂e | 1.743 tons CO₂e |
| Landfill with flaring | 1.348 tons CO₂e | 1.130 tons CO₂e |
| Composting | 0.218 tons CO₂e | — |
In every scenario, composting 1 ton of organic waste avoids more than 1 ton of CO₂e emissions.
Supported waste codes
BOLD Carbon validates waste materials against the Brazilian List of Solid Waste published by Ibama (IN nº 13, December 18, 2012) and maps each Ibama code to a CDM waste category from CDM Tool 04 v08.1. This mapping is enforced at submission time by the regional-waste-classification rule — see the Rules catalog and the Waste Classification reference for additional context.
CDM waste categories
The methodology supports 216 Ibama codes across the following CDM categories:
| CDM Code | Category | Supported codes |
|---|---|---|
| 8.1 | Wood and wood products | 8 |
| 8.2 | Pulp, paper and cardboard (other than sludge) | 8 |
| 8.3 | Food, food waste, beverages and tobacco (other than sludge) | 12 |
| 8.4 | Textiles | 5 |
| 8.5 | Garden, yard and park waste | 1 |
| 8.6 | Glass, plastic, metal, other inert waste | 47 |
| 8.7B | Industrial Sludge | 14 |
| 8.7C | Domestic Sludge | 26 |
| 8.7D | Others (if organic) | 95 |
Ibama code reference
Expand each category below to see the accepted Ibama codes. The Ibama Code is the value to send as LOCAL_WASTE_CLASSIFICATION_ID; the Description is validated against LOCAL_WASTE_CLASSIFICATION_DESCRIPTION.
For codes under CDM 8.7D where % Carbon is not listed, the recycler must specify the waste type and/or provide a laboratory report. The carbon fraction is used by the prevented-emissions rule (rule 21) to calculate dynamic emission factors — see Baseline scenario and emission factors.
Key parameters
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Composting cycle timeframe | Validated between DROP_OFF and RECYCLED events |
| Geolocation tolerance | Participant addresses validated against accredited addresses |
| Project boundary | Distance between first PICK_UP and last DROP_OFF validated |
| Document unit | Kilograms (kg) |
| Document type | Organic |
| Project period | RECYCLED event must occur on or after January 1st of the previous year |
Validation rules
See the BOLD Carbon (CH₄) Application Rules catalog for the complete list of validation rules, grouped by category with descriptions.
Downloads
Feedback: method@carrot.eco
Framework rules
Framework rules define what must be verified in the BOLD Carbon (CH₄) methodology. Each framework rule specifies a validation requirement at the specification level.
These rules are implemented by one or more application rules that contain the executable validation logic. The mapping is not one-to-one: a single application rule may satisfy multiple framework rules, and a framework rule may require multiple application rules to fully verify.
| 1 | Audit Eligibility Check Validates that the 'Recycled' event occurred within the timeframe allowed by the methodology. The event must have occurred on or after January 1st of the previous year. Methodology reference: 10.2 Allowable Project Period | Methodology | |
| 2 | Check Participants Accreditation Validates that all participants involved in the supply chain are accredited by the Carrot system. Verifies that accreditation documents exist and that their due dates have not expired. | Audit | |
| 3 | TCC Absence Verifies that the MassID document does not already have a carbon credit event linked to it, ensuring no double counting of carbon credits (TCC). Methodology reference: 3.4.2 Avoidance of Double-Counting | Methodology | |
| 4 | Project Size Checks the 'Project Size' metadata field in the Recycler's accreditation page. CO2e emission reductions must not exceed 60,000 metric tons (60 kt) over a 12-month period for the MassID to be eligible for TCC generation. Methodology reference: 3.2.1 Participant Eligibility | Methodology | |
| 5 | Document Value Verifies that the document has a value greater than zero. The document value represents the weight of the mass registered on the platform. | Audit | |
| 6 | Document Measurement Unit Verifies that the document's measurement unit is kilograms (kg), the standard unit adopted by the Carrot Platform. | Audit | |
| 7 | Document Category Verifies that the document is declared with the 'MassID' category, as required by the BOLD methodologies for mass verification. | Audit | |
| 8 | Document Type Verifies that the document type is declared as 'Organic'. The BOLD Carbon and BOLD Recycling methodologies are designed for organic waste types. Methodology reference: 1.1 Summary Table | Methodology | |
| 9 | Document Subtype Verifies that the MassID organic waste subtype belongs to the group of subtypes approved by the BOLD methodologies, as defined by CDM TOOL04 eligible organic waste type classes. Methodology reference: 6.2 Baseline Selection | Methodology | |
| 10 | Local Waste Classification The 'Pick-up' event must contain a 'Local Waste Classification ID' attribute with a code from the official waste classification of the jurisdiction where the waste was collected, and a 'Local Waste Classification Desc' attribute with the corresponding description. When the country code is 'BR', the fields must match the Brazilian solid waste list from Ibama. | Structural | |
| 11 | Local Waste Classification x CDM When the country code of the collection address is 'BR', the 'Local Waste Classification ID' must correspond to an organic waste type from CDM Tool 04, mapped according to the Ibama-CDM correspondence table. | Structural | |
| 12 | Time Interval Check The time difference between the 'Drop-Off' and 'Recycled' events must be between 60 and 180 days, ensuring the composting cycle meets quality standards for fertilizer production. | Audit | |
| 13 | Waste Origin Identified When the waste origin is unknown, the 'Pick-up' event must contain the 'Waste Origin' metadata set to 'Unidentified'. When the origin is known, this metadata must not be present, indicating the waste generator is identified. | Audit | |
| 14 | One Waste Source When the 'Waste Origin' metadata is not declared as 'Unidentified' in the 'Pick-up' event, there must be exactly one 'Waste Generator' actor event, identifying the source of the waste in the supply chain. Methodology reference: Participants | Methodology | |
| 15 | First Identified Participant - FIP The First Identified Participant (also known as primary participant) must be the same participant indicated in the event where the waste was first registered (Pick-up). Validation is performed based on participant IDs. | Structural | |
| 16 | FIP Address The address identified in the first registration event (Pick-up) must match the address indicated for the First Identified Participant. Address validation is performed based on registered address IDs. | Structural | |
| 17 | Recycler Actor The MassID must contain exactly one 'Recycler' actor event, ensuring there is a single identified recycler responsible for transforming the waste and reintroducing it into the economy. | Structural | |
| 18 | Hauler Identification When the 'Vehicle Type' metadata is not 'sludge-pipes' or 'cart', the MassID must contain at least one 'Hauler' actor event identifying the transport participant responsible for moving the waste. | Structural | |
| 19 | Drop-off Event A 'Drop-off' event must be declared in the MassID, confirming that the waste was delivered to the correct destination and transferred to the composting facility. | Structural | |
| 20 | Pick-up Geolocation Precision In the 'Pick-up' event, the geolocation declared in the 'app-gps-latitude' and 'app-gps-longitude' metadata must be compatible with the event address data, within a 2 km radius. If GPS data is unavailable, validation falls back to the address registered in the accreditation. | Audit | |
| 21 | Check Recycler and Drop-Off Addresses At least one 'Drop-off' event must have its 'Responsible Party' address matching the address declared for the 'Recycler' actor event. Address validation is performed based on registered address IDs. | Structural | |
| 22 | Processor and Drop-Off When a Drop-Off event has a 'Responsible Party' matching a 'Processor' participant, there must be a subsequent Drop-Off event whose 'Responsible Party' matches the 'Recycler' participant, ensuring the waste is forwarded from the processor to the recycling facility. | Structural | |
| 23 | Drop-off Geolocation Precision In the 'Drop-off' event, the geolocation declared in the 'app-gps-latitude' and 'app-gps-longitude' metadata must be compatible with the event address data, within a 2 km radius. If GPS data is unavailable, validation falls back to the address registered in the participant's accreditation. | Audit | |
| 24 | Receiving Operator Identifier The 'Drop-off' event must contain the 'Receiving Operator Identifier' metadata, ensuring a responsible operator is registered for receiving the waste at the composting facility, enabling traceability and accountability. Methodology reference: 9.1 Mass Recording Requirements | Methodology | |
| 25 | Methodology Distance Limit Verifies the distance between the 'Pick-up' and 'Drop-off' event geolocations. Distances exceeding 200 km are flagged for review in the Carrot Operations Dashboard, as the project boundary established under UNFCCC AMS-III.F. is 200 km. Methodology reference: 6.1 Project Boundaries | Methodology | — |
| 26 | Vehicle Type In a MassID document, the 'Vehicle Type' metadata is mandatory and must be one of the methodology-approved types: Truck, Car, Mini Van, Bicycle, Motorcycle, Cart, Sludge Pipes, Boat, Cargo Ship, or Others. | Structural | |
| 27 | Vehicle Description When the 'Vehicle Type' metadata is 'Others' in the 'Pick-up' event, a 'Vehicle Description' metadata must be declared, ensuring all non-standard transport means are properly identified and documented. | Structural | |
| 28 | Vehicle License Plate In the 'Pick-up' event, when the 'Vehicle Type' is not 'Sludge Pipes', 'Cart', or 'Bicycle', the 'Vehicle License Plate' metadata must be declared to enable transport tracking and prevent fraud. | Structural | |
| 29 | Driver Identifier When the 'Vehicle Type' is not 'Sludge Pipes', the 'Driver Identifier' metadata must be declared. If identified, the 'Internal DriverID' must be provided. If not identified, a 'Reason Dismissal DriverID' justification is required. Methodology reference: 9.1 Mass Recording Requirements | Methodology | |
| 30 | Has Transport Manifest Verifies that the 'Transport Manifest' event is declared in the MassID document, ensuring proof of waste transport is properly documented and traceable. Methodology reference: 9.4 Processors and the Waste Generator | Methodology | |
| 31 | Transport Manifest Attachment When a 'Transport Manifest' event does not have an 'Exemption Justification' metadata, it must contain an attachment named 'Transport Manifest' as documentary proof of transport. Methodology reference: 9.4 Processors and the Waste Generator | Methodology | |
| 32 | Transport Manifest Exemption Justification When a 'Transport Manifest' event does not contain the metadata required by the 'Transport Manifest Fields' rule, an 'Exemption Justification' metadata must be declared with a non-empty value. | Structural | |
| 33 | Transport Manifest Fields When a 'Transport Manifest' event has no 'Exemption Justification', the following metadata must be filled: 'Document Type', 'Document Number', 'Document Date Issue', and 'Event Value'. When the Recycler is located in Brazil (country='BR'), the 'Document Type' must be 'MTR'. Methodology reference: 9.4 Processors and the Waste Generator | Methodology | |
| 34 | Has Recycling Manifest Verifies that the 'Recycling Manifest' event is declared in the MassID document, confirming that the waste was effectively processed at a recycling facility. | Structural | |
| 35 | Recycling Manifest Attachment When a 'Recycling Manifest' event does not have an 'Exemption Justification' metadata, it must contain an attachment named 'Recycling Manifest'. The required supporting document may vary by country where the recycler is located. | Structural | |
| 36 | Recycling Manifest Exemption Justification When a 'Recycling Manifest' event does not contain the metadata required by the 'Recycling Manifest Fields' rule, an 'Exemption Justification' metadata must be declared with a non-empty value. | Structural | |
| 37 | Recycling Manifest Address The address declared in the 'Recycling Manifest' event must match the address of the 'Recycler' actor, ensuring the waste was processed at the correct location. Address validation is performed based on registered address IDs. | Structural | |
| 38 | Recycling Manifest Fields When a 'Recycling Manifest' event has no 'Exemption Justification', the following metadata must be filled: 'Document Type', 'Document Number', and 'Document Date Issue'. When the Recycler is located in Brazil (country='BR'), the 'Document Type' must be 'CDF'. | Structural | |
| 39 | Recycling Manifest Value When a 'Recycling Manifest' event has no 'Exemption Justification', the 'Event Value' metadata must exactly match the 'value' declared in the document, preventing discrepancies in the recycling record. | Audit | |
| 40 | Weight Capture Method In the 'WEIGHING' event, the 'Weight Capture Method' metadata must be present with one of the following values: Digital, Photo (Scale+Cargo), Manual, or Transport Manifest. | Structural | |
| 41 | Scale Type In the 'WEIGHING' event, the 'Scale Type' metadata must be declared and identified as one of the approved types: Weighbridge, Floor Scale, Pallet Scale, Forklift Scale, Conveyor Belt Scale, Hanging/Crane Scale, Bin Scale, Portable Axle Weigher, Onboard Truck Scale, Precision/Bench Scale, or Two-bin Lateral Scale. | Audit | |
| 42 | Container Type In the 'WEIGHING' event, the 'Container Type' metadata must be present with one of the following values: Bag, Bin, Drum, Pail, Street Bin, Waste Box, or Truck. | Structural | |
| 43 | Scale Accreditation In the 'WEIGHING' event, the 'Scale Accreditation' metadata must be present with a link to the scale validation event in the accreditation of the participant responsible for weighing. | Audit | |
| 44 | Weighing Fields The MassID must have at least one 'WEIGHING' event with the following metadata: 'Gross Weight' (decimal > 0, in kg), 'Container Capacity' (decimal > 0, in KILOGRAM, LITER, or CUBIC_METER), 'Tare' (decimal >= 0, in kg), 'Mass Net Weight' (decimal > 0, in kg), and 'Container Quantity' (integer >= 1, required when Container Type is not 'Truck'). | Structural | |
| 45 | Truck Weighing In the 'WEIGHING' event, when the 'Container Type' is 'Truck', a 'Vehicle License Plate' attribute must be present. | Structural | |
| 46 | Weighing in two steps When a 'WEIGHING' event lacks 'Mass Net Weight' and 'Tare', it must have 'Gross Weight' and 'Container Capacity'. A second 'WEIGHING' event must then follow with matching 'Gross Weight', 'Container Capacity', 'Scale Type', 'Scale Accreditation', 'Container Type', and 'Vehicle License Plate' values, plus all other fields per the 'Weighing Fields' rule. | Structural | |
| 47 | Net Weight Verification When a 'WEIGHING' event satisfies the 'Weighing Fields' rule, the following calculation is verified: Mass Net Weight = Gross Weight - (Tare * Container Quantity). If 'Container Quantity' is not provided, a value of 1 is assumed. | Structural | |
| 48 | Mass Sorting Event A 'Sorting' event must be declared after all 'Weighing' events in the MassID document. | Structural | |
| 49 | Sorting Value Field The 'Sorting' event must contain a 'value' metadata, and the 'value' field of the 'Sorting' event must update the MassID document value. | Structural | |
| 50 | Sorting Calculation Verifies that the sorting calculation is correct by executing the equation: document value * (100% - conversion factor) = mass sorting value, and comparing the result with the value declared in the 'Sorting' event. | Audit | |
| 51 | Double-checking Source Emitted Masses Checks the monthly waste generation ceiling in the source's accreditation page. If the sum of masses from the same generator in the same month exceeds the ceiling by more than 20%, the MassID is blocked for credit generation until reviewed by the operations department. | Audit | — |
| 52 | Double-checking Recycler Emitted Masses Checks the operational capacity in the recycler's accreditation page. If the sum of masses processed by the same recycler in the same month exceeds the operational capacity by more than 3%, the MassID is blocked for credit generation until approved by the operations department. | Audit | — |
| 53 | Duplicate Check Verifies that no other mass documents exist with the same document value, same date and time of receipt at the recycling yard, same generator, and same vehicle. Duplicate documents are rejected to prevent inconsistencies. | Audit | |
| 54 | GasID Output Checks the compensation index for the waste type in the recycler's accreditation page and executes the TCC calculation: document-value * compensation index = GasID, ensuring carbon credits are correctly calculated based on waste type and volume. Methodology reference: 7.4 Project Emission Calculation (PEy) | Methodology | |
| 55 | Route Check Verifies that the date, time of the 'Drop-Off' event, and 'vehicle-license-plate' of the audited MassID are unique. If there is a conflict with another MassID, the mass is rejected to prevent duplicate or inconsistent records. | Audit | |
| 56 | Recycled-to-Input Conversion Verifies the composting fertilizer coefficient in the recycler's accreditation page and checks whether the declared quantity is compatible with the calculation, ensuring accuracy in recycled-to-input conversion reporting. | Audit |